Bedroom Skies

Some astronomical data from the Bedroom Skies Book of the Year:
 

Our solar system

It’s the only place we’ll ever live, and we still don’t really know that much about its origins and its outer reaches. Here are some statistics about the whole place.

The Sun

The gravitational pull of the sun extends for 30 trillion kilometres.
The Sun turns 600 million tonnes of hydrogen into helium every second. 5 tonnes of pure energy radiates each second as a result of this, releasing more energy than mankind has consumed in its entire existence.

Each particle of sunlight may reach us in 8 minutes from the surface of the sun, but for that particle to reach the surface of the sun from the core takes roughly 10 million years.

The sun is around 1,300,000 km across and accounts for 99.8% of the mass of the solar system.


How far are the planets from the sun?

Mercury

60 million km

Venus

105 million km

Earth

150 million km

Mars

225 million km

Jupiter

780 million km

Saturn

1.425 billion km

Uranus

2.94 billion km

Neptune

4.5 billion km

Pluto. Never a planet

4.4–7.4 billion km

Asteroid Belt:  a failed planet  

345-495 million km

 

How heavy are the planets?

Planet

Earth masses

Mercury

0.055

Venus

0.8

Earth

1

Mars

0.1

Jupiter

318

Saturn

95

Uranus

14

Neptune

17

 

Other facts about the planets

Mercury

The sun goes both east and west on a long (59 day) day and the temperature varies by over 600ºC.

Venus  

Spins the other way (in relation to its orbit) from all the other planets and is the hottest planet

Mars

On a summer’s day, you could wear a t-shirt

Jupiter

2½ times the mass of all other planets together

Saturn  

Would float in water

Uranus

Spins on its side

Neptune

Is the windiest planet with gales of 2400 Kmh

Pluto    

Is smaller than the moon and isn’t really a planet.

 

The solar system beyond the planets.

The plane of the planets makes up less than 1% of the area of the solar system. Most of the rest is vacuum, except for:

The Kuiper belt and the Oort Cloud, billions of small bodies that extend form the orbiting plane of the planets.

The Kuiper belt extends out from the planetary orbiting plane (it includes Pluto) and gradually broadens and deepens until it becomes the Oort cloud, which envelopes the entire solar system. No evidence has been found that the Oort Cloud exists, but it is thought that it is the starting point for many comets.